Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) |
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PRA area: Poland |
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Describe the endangered area: orchards: apple, peach, plums. Endangered area is limited to adjacent to susceptible crops |
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Main conlusions: Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) is a species of tephritid fruit fly, which larvae infect tropical fruits, but also some species cultivated in the temperate zones, including PRA area. Mated female punctures the skin of mature fruit and deposit eggs below the skin of the host fruit. Larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit. Infected plants are perishable. Oriental fruit fly couses serious economic losses in cultivations (losses can be up to 100% of unprotected fruit). Traps (liquid bait), male suppression, pesticides are the most effective control techniques against Bactrocera dorsalis. Fruits import from area of Bactrocera dorsalis occurence is the most likely way of pest entry. The pest impact in PRA area will be lower then on its native range, because pest needs high temperatures to develop (B. dorsalis will not develop at temperatures below 13°C). Additional, host plants are grown in fields in PRA area which also reduce the posibility of pest establishment. Potential losses may be in cultivations close to area of adults flight. Pest monitoring and traps should be the basic phytosanitary measures. If those methods will be unsufficient other eraditation methods should be consider. |
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Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area (Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument) |
high |
☐ |
moderate |
X |
low |
☐ |
Level of uncertainty of assessment (see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document) |
high |
☐ |
moderate |
☐ |
low |
X |
Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Beet curly top virus |
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PRA area: Poland |
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Describe the endangered area: |
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Main conclusions Beet curly top virus has broad host, including more then 300 dicotyledons species from 44 families, most of them occur in PRA area. Virus couses losses in crops, especially in economic significance plants (e.g: potato, tomato, sugar beet), which. have large cultivated area in the entire country. So far BCTV has been detected in North America, where coused losses in quality and quantity of yields. In Europe is present only in Mediterranean region (Italy, Cyprus, Turkey). Virus needs vectors to spread. Two insects species are responsible for the transmission of BCTV. C. tenellus i C. opacipensis are common in the current area of virus distribution. The climate in Central and North Europe reduce occurence of vectors and therefore expansion of BCTV. In couse of that and low posibility of mechanial transmission the likelihood of BCTV spread in PRA area is low. However climate changes can improve condtions for C. tenellus or C. opacipensis. In such a case, the cultivated (e.g potatoe, sugarbeet) and also non-cultivated plants would be endangered. The protection against viruses is based on systematic monitoring of imported plant material. All infected plants and vectors (on plants/fruits) need to be remove and destroy. It will ensure adequate protection against virus development in PRA area. |
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Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area (Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument) |
High |
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Moderate |
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Low |
X |
Level of uncertainty of assessment (see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document) |
High |
X |
Moderate |
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Low |
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Other recommendations: |
Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, 1799) |
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PRA area: Poland |
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Describe the endangered area: field crops - west Poland, cultivations in protected conditions- the entire PRA area |
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Main conclusions Cacoecimorpha pronubana is native South Europe (Mediterranean region) species. Import and transport of seedlings and cut flowers influence on pest occurence in new area. Monitoring of consignments is a basic phytosanitary measure. Rapid climate change may allow pest development and occurrence in west Poland. Potential losses in fields crops caused by C. pronubana seem to be quite small. Pest may establish also in greenhouses. Cacoecimorpha pronubana is included in Council Directive 74/647/EEC - "On control of carnation leaf-rollers” from 9 December 1974. To sum up, monitoring of plant material is a basic phytosanitary measure, especially of consignments from areas where pest occurs. Special chemical protection should be used in those regions (especially in places of production of ornamental plants, spices and herbs species in pots and cut flowers) Special chemical measure need to be also used in case of pest occurrence in greenhouses. The high risk of pest entry is associated with import of seedlings (not seed and propagation material like bulbs and rhizome). |
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Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area (Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument) |
high |
☐ |
moderate |
☐ |
low |
X |
Level of uncertainty of assessment (see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document) |
high |
☐ |
moderate |
X |
low |
☐ |
Other recommendations |