Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Helicoverpa zea (Boddie, 1850)

PRA area: Poland

Describe the endangered area: maize crops- northwest Poland, cultivations in protected conditions- the entire PRA area (less important)

Main conclusions

Helicoverpa zea is a butterfly species in the family Noctuidae. The species is widely distributed across warmer regions of America. Polyphagous larvae cause serious economic losses in cotton, sorghum, maize and tomato crops.

Butterflies are highly mobile, ranging over wide areas and can settle for a while colder regions (north Canada, south Argentina). Considering  climatic conditions in PRA area, it is unlikely that pest will be able to have a permanent populations. PRA area will be endangered in case of occurence of numerous H. zea populations in south Europe (similar situation is with related species Helicoverpa  armigera)

There is a risk of crop losses in protected conditions in case of pest occurrence in PRA area.

Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area

(Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument)

High

Moderate

Low

Level of uncertainty of assessment

(see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document)

High

Moderate

Low

Other recommendations:

Monitoring raports of losses causes by H. armigera and H. zea

Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Hop stunt viroid na chmielu (Humulus lupulus)

PRA area: Poland

Describe the endangered area: hops garden in entire PRA area (especially Lubuskie and Wielkopolskie province)

Main conclusions:

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) has broad host range but most of its infections are asymptomatic. Fortunately, so far viroid has not been reported in Poland. However, research carried out in Slovenia (one of the main hop producers in UE) showed that HSVd occurs in some tree plantations and hop fields (main host plant).

Rating of the likelihood of entry in PRA area: low (Most of propagation material is producted in Poland. Seedlings are imported from Germany, where viroid is not present. HSVd occurs in Japan, China, USA, but import from those area is insignificant.

Import of infected citrus is main way of entry. Most of plant waste is sent to landfill sites, where virioid poses no risk.

However spread from citrus to hops is asocciated with risk of the waste-related transmission.

It is important that viroid may be easily mechanically transmited between plants. High density planting also increase the risk of spread.

HSVd can be also transmitted by contaminated tools and machinery, clothing. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures must be complied with in full.

Cultivations of host plants need to be systematically monitored in case of viroid occurence.

Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area

(Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument)

High

☐

Moderate

X

Low

☐

Level of uncertainty of assessment

(see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document)

High

☐

Moderate

X

Low

☐

Other recommendations:

·         Controls of propagation material imported to Poland

·         Monitoring of hops field (for any evidence of viroids occurence)

·         Better legal regulation in order to reduce the possibility of viroid occurence in UE and PRA area

Summary of the Express Pest Risk Analysis for Keiferia lycopersicella

PRA area: Poland

Describe the endangered area: tomato crops – southern and south-western Poland; glasshouses crops- the entire PRA area  

Main conclusions:

K. lycopersicella is tomato and eggplant crops pest. These crops are economic important cultivations in PRA area.

Insect causes serious losses in North America. The highest risk of damages will be in Middeartatean region and area of host plants cultivations (in protected conditions).

Rating of the likelihood of impact without phytosanitary measures is high because of tomato import from area where K. lycopersicella occurs. Risk will be higher if packaging is adjacent to area of host plant crops.

Pest may be transmitted with packages (using in import and harvest) and of tomato/ eggplant seedlings. Considering that risk, all phytosanitary measures need to be taken.

Pheromone traps are very sensitive and should be used in place of production in order to detect the pest. Production of seedlings should be carried out under the control and only pest-free plant for planting need be used.

Visual controls and pheromone traps are basic phytosanitary measures throughout the growing period.

Production require stringent measures to immediately eradicate pest as soon as it occurs.

It is necessary to remove plant waste from previous crops, packs and prepare in pest-free place of production, use only new packages. Removing of tomato leaves and branches increase pest detection.

Using systemic insecticides before export is possibile option of eraditation, but there is no information if it is sufficiently effective. The quarantine period before export will be too long for seedlings. The risk of pest entry is lower in case of tomato import (for processing or ready-to-eat) in winter period (below 5°C, but K. lycopersicellanie can survive at the lower temperature). Removing of green parts of plant may propably reduce the risk of pest spread.

The risk will be reduce in case of immediate plant processing and removal of waste but it is difficult to control in practice. Panel on phytosanitary measures found all methods insufficient to ensure the pest-free import.

Phytosanitary risk for the endangered area

(Individual ratings for likelihood of entry and establishment, and for magnitude of spread and impact are provided in thedocument)

High

X

Moderate

☐

Low

☐

Level of uncertainty of assessment

(see Q 18 for the justification of the rating. Individual ratings of uncertainty of entry, establishment, spread and impact are provided in the document)

High

☐

Moderate

X

Low

☐

Other recommendations: